![]() ![]() ![]() Flushing can be broadly divided into episodic or persistent. This bodily predilection is primarily due to increased relative volume of visible superficial cutaneous vasculature, as well as qualitative differences in skin vascular response and vascular regulation, as compared with other body areas ( 1– 3). ![]() In this review, we provide a concise and up-to-date discussion on the differential diagnosis and approach of flushing in neuroendocrinology.įlushing is a subjective sensation of warmth that is accompanied by reddening of the skin anywhere on the body but favors the face, neck, and upper torso ( 1). The differential diagnosis of cutaneous flushing in neuroendocrine disorders is limited, yet encompasses a broad spectrum of benign and malignant entities, including carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, Cushing syndrome, medullary thyroid cancer, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Episodic flushing is mediated by the release of endogenous vasoactive mediators or medications, while persistent flushing results in a fixed facial erythema with telangiectasia and a cyanotic tinge owing to the large cutaneous blood vessels that contain slow-flowing deoxygenated blood. Flushing can be divided into episodic or persistent causes. The pathophysiology of flushing involves changes in cutaneous blood flow triggered by multiple intrinsic factors that are either related to physiology or disease. Cutaneous flushing is a common presenting complaint in endocrine disorders. ![]()
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